{
  "dataset": "richbay-university-official-links",
  "title": "University official pages and tuition fees",
  "version": "1.0",
  "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "Richbay (richbay.org)",
  "canonical": "https://richbay.org/education/",
  "definitions": {
    "urls": "Every URL is the university's own. Deep links (admissions, tuition, scholarships, international) were read when added and are present only where a page for that purpose was found; absent means none was verified, not that none exists.",
    "tuition": "As the fee page states it: amount range, currency and billing period (per year or per semester), with tuition_basis saying who pays which figure. No conversion. Absent = the fee page was not read, so no figure is given.",
    "tuition_checked_at": "When the fee was read on tuition_url.",
    "links_checked_at": "When every URL on the row last loaded (no error page, no redirect to the home page or another domain). Blank = at least one link could not be loaded from our network on the last check — not evidence it is dead.",
    "not_included": "No rankings, no admission rates, no public/private flag (not checked per row)."
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "slug": "university-of-buenos-aires",
      "name": "University of Buenos Aires",
      "nameZh": "布宜诺斯艾利斯大学",
      "nameJa": "ブエノスアイレス大学",
      "countryCode": "AR",
      "country": "Argentina",
      "city": "Buenos Aires",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uba.ar",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.uba.ar/becas-grado",
      "internationalUrl": "https://internacionales.uba.ar",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-buenos-aires/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "australian-national-university",
      "name": "Australian National University",
      "nameZh": "澳大利亚国立大学",
      "nameJa": "オーストラリア国立大学",
      "countryCode": "AU",
      "country": "Australia",
      "city": "Canberra",
      "officialSite": "https://www.anu.edu.au",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://study.anu.edu.au/apply",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.anu.edu.au/students/program-administration/fees-payments",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://study.anu.edu.au/scholarships",
      "internationalUrl": "https://study.anu.edu.au/related-information/information-prospective-international-students",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/australian-national-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "monash-university",
      "name": "Monash University",
      "nameZh": "莫纳什大学",
      "nameJa": "モナッシュ大学",
      "countryCode": "AU",
      "country": "Australia",
      "city": "Melbourne",
      "officialSite": "https://www.monash.edu",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/monash-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-adelaide",
      "name": "University of Adelaide",
      "nameZh": "阿德莱德大学",
      "nameJa": "アデレード大学",
      "countryCode": "AU",
      "country": "Australia",
      "city": "Adelaide",
      "officialSite": "https://www.adelaide.edu.au",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://adelaide.edu.au/study/how-to-apply",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://adelaide.edu.au/study/scholarships",
      "internationalUrl": "https://adelaide.edu.au/study/international-students",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-adelaide/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-melbourne",
      "name": "University of Melbourne",
      "nameZh": "墨尔本大学",
      "nameJa": "メルボルン大学",
      "countryCode": "AU",
      "country": "Australia",
      "city": "Melbourne",
      "officialSite": "https://www.unimelb.edu.au",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://study.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0034/462949/2027-International-Fee-Tables.pdf",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://study.unimelb.edu.au/study-with-us/international-scholarships",
      "tuitionMin": 44356,
      "tuitionMax": 65344,
      "tuitionCurrency": "AUD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Indicative first-year fees for international students starting in 2027: Arts A$44,356–57,764, Commerce A$56,451–62,464, Science A$55,556–65,344 depending on subjects; oral health A$85,840.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-melbourne/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "unsw-sydney",
      "name": "University of New South Wales",
      "nameZh": "新南威尔士大学",
      "nameJa": "ニューサウスウェールズ大学",
      "countryCode": "AU",
      "country": "Australia",
      "city": "Sydney",
      "officialSite": "https://www.unsw.edu.au",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.unsw.edu.au/study/how-to-apply",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/unsw-sydney/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-queensland",
      "name": "University of Queensland",
      "nameZh": "昆士兰大学",
      "nameJa": "クイーンズランド大学",
      "countryCode": "AU",
      "country": "Australia",
      "city": "Brisbane",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uq.edu.au",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://study.uq.edu.au/admissions",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-queensland/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-sydney",
      "name": "University of Sydney",
      "nameZh": "悉尼大学",
      "nameJa": "シドニー大学",
      "countryCode": "AU",
      "country": "Australia",
      "city": "Sydney",
      "officialSite": "https://www.sydney.edu.au",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.sydney.edu.au/study/applying.html",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.sydney.edu.au/study/fees-and-loans/international-student-tuition-fees.html",
      "tuitionMin": 51700,
      "tuitionMax": 69200,
      "tuitionCurrency": "AUD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "International undergraduates entering in 2027, full-time load: A$51,700 (arts, social sciences, nursing) to A$69,200 (some health sciences); engineering, computer science and dentistry A$63,600. Fees rise each year of study.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-sydney/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-technology-sydney",
      "name": "University of Technology Sydney",
      "nameZh": "悉尼科技大学",
      "nameJa": "シドニー工科大学",
      "countryCode": "AU",
      "country": "Australia",
      "city": "Sydney",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uts.edu.au",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.uts.edu.au/for-students/admissions-entry/how-to-apply",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.uts.edu.au/for-students/international/guides-for-international-students/contentassets/utsi-listing-grid-international-undergraduate-course-summary-table.pdf",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.uts.edu.au/for-students/admissions-entry/scholarships",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.uts.edu.au/for-students/international",
      "tuitionMin": 21950,
      "tuitionMax": 28620,
      "tuitionCurrency": "AUD",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "International undergraduates, 2027 course fees per session: A$21,950 (construction project management) to A$28,620 (engineering, computing, IT, cybersecurity).",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-technology-sydney/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-western-australia",
      "name": "University of Western Australia",
      "nameZh": "西澳大学",
      "nameJa": "西オーストラリア大学",
      "countryCode": "AU",
      "country": "Australia",
      "city": "Perth",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uwa.edu.au",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.uwa.edu.au/study/how-to-apply",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.uwa.edu.au/study/scholarships-and-fees",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-western-australia/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-vienna",
      "name": "University of Vienna",
      "nameZh": "维也纳大学",
      "nameJa": "ウィーン大学",
      "countryCode": "AT",
      "country": "Austria",
      "city": "Vienna",
      "officialSite": "https://www.univie.ac.at",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://aufnahmeverfahren.univie.ac.at/en",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20002128&Paragraf=91",
      "tuitionMin": 726.72,
      "tuitionMax": 726.72,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "Degree students from outside the EU/EEA holding an Austrian student residence permit pay this fee by law (Universities Act, s. 91(2)); citizens of some least-developed countries are exempt, and the students' union fee is added.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-vienna/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-bahrain",
      "name": "University of Bahrain",
      "nameZh": "巴林大学",
      "nameJa": "バーレーン大学",
      "countryCode": "BH",
      "country": "Bahrain",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uob.edu.bh",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-bahrain/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ghent-university",
      "name": "Ghent University",
      "nameZh": "根特大学",
      "nameJa": "ゲント大学",
      "countryCode": "BE",
      "country": "Belgium",
      "city": "Ghent",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ugent.be",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.ugent.be/student/en/administration/tuition",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/ghent-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ku-leuven",
      "name": "KU Leuven",
      "nameZh": "鲁汶大学",
      "nameJa": "ルーヴェン・カトリック大学",
      "countryCode": "BE",
      "country": "Belgium",
      "officialSite": "https://www.kuleuven.be",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.kuleuven.be/english/education/student/fees/tuition-fee-breakdown",
      "tuitionMin": 9493.92,
      "tuitionMax": 9493.92,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-EEA students, full-time 60-credit year, 2026-2027. Some programmes and waivers differ.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/ku-leuven/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-sao-paulo",
      "name": "University of São Paulo",
      "nameZh": "圣保罗大学",
      "nameJa": "サンパウロ大学",
      "countryCode": "BR",
      "country": "Brazil",
      "city": "São Paulo",
      "officialSite": "https://www5.usp.br",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www5.usp.br/ensino/graduacao/",
      "tuitionMin": 0,
      "tuitionMax": 0,
      "tuitionCurrency": "BRL",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "No tuition fee: USP is a public university and all its undergraduate courses are free. Admission is through the Fuvest entrance exam or Enem USP.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-29",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-29",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-sao-paulo/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "universiti-brunei-darussalam",
      "name": "Universiti Brunei Darussalam",
      "nameZh": "文莱大学",
      "nameJa": "ブルネイ・ダルサラーム大学",
      "countryCode": "BN",
      "country": "Brunei",
      "city": "Bandar Seri Begawan",
      "officialSite": "https://ubd.edu.bn",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://ubd.edu.bn/admission",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://ubd.edu.bn/admission/fees-funding",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://ubd.edu.bn/admission/scholarship",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/universiti-brunei-darussalam/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mcgill-university",
      "name": "McGill University",
      "nameZh": "麦吉尔大学",
      "nameJa": "マギル大学",
      "countryCode": "CA",
      "country": "Canada",
      "city": "Montreal",
      "officialSite": "https://www.mcgill.ca",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.mcgill.ca/undergraduate-admissions/",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.mcgill.ca/internationalstudents/",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/mcgill-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mcmaster-university",
      "name": "McMaster University",
      "nameZh": "麦克马斯特大学",
      "nameJa": "マクマスター大学",
      "countryCode": "CA",
      "country": "Canada",
      "city": "Hamilton",
      "officialSite": "https://www.mcmaster.ca",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://future.mcmaster.ca/apply/requirements",
      "internationalUrl": "https://future.mcmaster.ca/info-hub/international",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/mcmaster-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-montreal",
      "name": "Université de Montréal",
      "nameZh": "蒙特利尔大学",
      "nameJa": "モントリオール大学",
      "countryCode": "CA",
      "country": "Canada",
      "city": "Montreal",
      "officialSite": "https://www.umontreal.ca",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://admission.umontreal.ca",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://registraire.umontreal.ca/droits-de-scolarite/couts",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://bourses.umontreal.ca/accueil",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-montreal/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-alberta",
      "name": "University of Alberta",
      "nameZh": "阿尔伯塔大学",
      "nameJa": "アルバータ大学",
      "countryCode": "CA",
      "country": "Canada",
      "city": "Edmonton",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ualberta.ca",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.ualberta.ca/en/admissions-programs/index.html",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.ualberta.ca/en/admissions/tuition-and-scholarships/index.html",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.ualberta.ca/en/admissions/international-undergraduate-admission.html",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-alberta/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-british-columbia",
      "name": "University of British Columbia",
      "nameZh": "英属哥伦比亚大学",
      "nameJa": "ブリティッシュコロンビア大学",
      "countryCode": "CA",
      "country": "Canada",
      "city": "Vancouver",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ubc.ca",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://you.ubc.ca/applying-ubc/",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://students.ubc.ca/finances/tuition-fees/undergraduate-tuition-fees/",
      "internationalUrl": "https://students.ubc.ca/international-student-guide/international-student-advising/",
      "tuitionMin": 48779.8,
      "tuitionMax": 66678.3,
      "tuitionCurrency": "CAD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "International undergraduates starting in 2026/27, full first-year load at UBC Vancouver: music C$48,779.80, arts C$51,530.40, science C$53,082, engineering C$66,199.66, commerce C$66,678.30. Increases are capped at 3% a year after that.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-british-columbia/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-ottawa",
      "name": "University of Ottawa",
      "nameZh": "渥太华大学",
      "nameJa": "オタワ大学",
      "countryCode": "CA",
      "country": "Canada",
      "city": "Ottawa",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uottawa.ca",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.uottawa.ca/study/applying-uottawa",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.uottawa.ca/study/fees-financial-support/university-fees/estimating-total-university-fees",
      "tuitionMin": 31582.15,
      "tuitionMax": 31582.15,
      "tuitionCurrency": "CAD",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "Full-time first-year international undergraduates, 2026-27, most programmes; unchanged from 2025-26. Some programmes use other brackets.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-ottawa/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-toronto",
      "name": "University of Toronto",
      "nameZh": "多伦多大学",
      "nameJa": "トロント大学",
      "countryCode": "CA",
      "country": "Canada",
      "city": "Toronto",
      "officialSite": "https://www.utoronto.ca",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://future.utoronto.ca/",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://planningandbudget.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-27-Tuition-Fee-Report_FINAL.pdf",
      "internationalUrl": "https://internationalexperience.utoronto.ca/",
      "tuitionMin": 66110,
      "tuitionMax": 72860,
      "tuitionCurrency": "CAD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "International undergraduates entering in 2026-27: about C$66,110 for most Arts & Science programmes and C$72,860 for engineering, first year; incidental fees and health insurance are extra.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-toronto/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-waterloo",
      "name": "University of Waterloo",
      "nameZh": "滑铁卢大学",
      "nameJa": "ウォータールー大学",
      "countryCode": "CA",
      "country": "Canada",
      "officialSite": "https://uwaterloo.ca",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://uwaterloo.ca/admissions",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-waterloo/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "western-university",
      "name": "Western University",
      "nameZh": "西安大略大学",
      "nameJa": "ウェスタン大学",
      "countryCode": "CA",
      "country": "Canada",
      "city": "London (Ontario)",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uwo.ca",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/western-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "pontificia-universidad-catolica-de-chile",
      "name": "Pontifical Catholic University of Chile",
      "nameZh": "智利天主教大学",
      "nameJa": "チリ・カトリック大学",
      "countryCode": "CL",
      "country": "Chile",
      "city": "Santiago",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uc.cl",
      "internationalUrl": "https://internacionalizacion.uc.cl",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/pontificia-universidad-catolica-de-chile/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "fudan-university",
      "name": "Fudan University",
      "nameZh": "复旦大学",
      "nameJa": "復旦大学",
      "countryCode": "CN",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Shanghai",
      "officialSite": "https://www.fudan.edu.cn",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.fudan.edu.cn/en/Admission/list.htm",
      "internationalUrl": "https://iso.fudan.edu.cn",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/fudan-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "nanjing-university",
      "name": "Nanjing University",
      "nameZh": "南京大学",
      "nameJa": "南京大学",
      "countryCode": "CN",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Nanjing",
      "officialSite": "https://www.nju.edu.cn",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.nju.edu.cn/en/Admission.htm",
      "internationalUrl": "https://hwxy.nju.edu.cn",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/nanjing-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "peking-university",
      "name": "Peking University",
      "nameZh": "北京大学",
      "nameJa": "北京大学",
      "countryCode": "CN",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Beijing",
      "officialSite": "https://www.pku.edu.cn",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.pku.edu.cn/recruit.html",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.oir.pku.edu.cn",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/peking-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "shanghai-jiao-tong-university",
      "name": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University",
      "nameZh": "上海交通大学",
      "nameJa": "上海交通大学",
      "countryCode": "CN",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Shanghai",
      "officialSite": "https://www.sjtu.edu.cn",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/shanghai-jiao-tong-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "shenzhen-university",
      "name": "Shenzhen University",
      "nameZh": "深圳大学",
      "nameJa": "深圳大学",
      "countryCode": "CN",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Shenzhen",
      "officialSite": "https://www.szu.edu.cn",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://en.szu.edu.cn/Admission.htm",
      "internationalUrl": "https://lxs.szu.edu.cn",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/shenzhen-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "southern-university-of-science-and-technology",
      "name": "Southern University of Science and Technology",
      "nameZh": "南方科技大学",
      "nameJa": "南方科技大学",
      "countryCode": "CN",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Shenzhen",
      "officialSite": "https://www.sustech.edu.cn",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.sustech.edu.cn/en/admissions.html",
      "internationalUrl": "https://global.sustech.edu.cn",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/southern-university-of-science-and-technology/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "sun-yat-sen-university",
      "name": "Sun Yat-sen University",
      "nameZh": "中山大学",
      "nameJa": "中山大学",
      "countryCode": "CN",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Guangzhou",
      "officialSite": "https://www.sysu.edu.cn",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.sysu.edu.cn/zs1.htm",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.sysu.edu.cn/sysuen/Admissions/Scholarship_Programs.htm",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/sun-yat-sen-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "tsinghua-university",
      "name": "Tsinghua University",
      "nameZh": "清华大学",
      "nameJa": "清華大学",
      "countryCode": "CN",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Beijing",
      "officialSite": "https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/en/Admissions.htm",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/tsinghua-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-science-and-technology-of-china",
      "name": "University of Science and Technology of China",
      "nameZh": "中国科学技术大学",
      "nameJa": "中国科学技術大学",
      "countryCode": "CN",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Hefei",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ustc.edu.cn",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://zsb.ustc.edu.cn/main.htm",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-science-and-technology-of-china/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "wuhan-university",
      "name": "Wuhan University",
      "nameZh": "武汉大学",
      "nameJa": "武漢大学",
      "countryCode": "CN",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Wuhan",
      "officialSite": "https://www.whu.edu.cn",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://aoff.whu.edu.cn",
      "internationalUrl": "https://en.whu.edu.cn/Global/International_Cooperation.htm",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/wuhan-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "zhejiang-university",
      "name": "Zhejiang University",
      "nameZh": "浙江大学",
      "nameJa": "浙江大学",
      "countryCode": "CN",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Hangzhou",
      "officialSite": "https://www.zju.edu.cn",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/zhejiang-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "universidad-de-los-andes",
      "name": "University of the Andes (Colombia)",
      "nameZh": "安第斯大学",
      "nameJa": "アンデス大学",
      "countryCode": "CO",
      "country": "Colombia",
      "city": "Bogotá",
      "officialSite": "https://uniandes.edu.co",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://matriculas.uniandes.edu.co/pregrado/valores-pregrado",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.uniandes.edu.co/internacionalizacion",
      "tuitionMin": 28690000,
      "tuitionMax": 40823000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "COP",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "2027 tuition per semester for new and continuing students taking 10 or more credits: COP 28,690,000 for all programmes except Medicine (COP 40,823,000). The page states no separate rate for international students.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-29",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/universidad-de-los-andes/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-zagreb",
      "name": "University of Zagreb",
      "nameZh": "萨格勒布大学",
      "nameJa": "ザグレブ大学",
      "countryCode": "HR",
      "country": "Croatia",
      "city": "Zagreb",
      "officialSite": "https://www.unizg.hr",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.unizg.hr/studiji-i-studiranje/upisi-stipendije-priznavanja/stipendije",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.unizg.hr/suradnja/medunarodna-suradnja/internacionalizacija-sveucilista",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-zagreb/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "charles-university",
      "name": "Charles University",
      "nameZh": "查理大学",
      "nameJa": "カレル大学",
      "countryCode": "CZ",
      "country": "Czechia",
      "city": "Prague",
      "officialSite": "https://cuni.cz",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/charles-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "technical-university-of-denmark",
      "name": "Technical University of Denmark",
      "nameZh": "丹麦技术大学",
      "nameJa": "デンマーク工科大学",
      "countryCode": "DK",
      "country": "Denmark",
      "city": "Copenhagen",
      "officialSite": "https://www.dtu.dk",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.dtu.dk/english/education/graduate/admission-and-deadlines",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.dtu.dk/english/education/graduate/fees-and-funding",
      "tuitionMin": 7500,
      "tuitionMax": 7500,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-EU/EEA students without an exempting Danish residence permit, bachelor's and master's. DTU says the fee is to be revised for the autumn 2026 intake.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/technical-university-of-denmark/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-copenhagen",
      "name": "University of Copenhagen",
      "nameZh": "哥本哈根大学",
      "nameJa": "コペンハーゲン大学",
      "countryCode": "DK",
      "country": "Denmark",
      "city": "Copenhagen",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ku.dk",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.ku.dk/studies/masters/application-and-admission/scholarships",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-copenhagen/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "cairo-university",
      "name": "Cairo University",
      "nameZh": "开罗大学",
      "nameJa": "カイロ大学",
      "countryCode": "EG",
      "country": "Egypt",
      "city": "Cairo",
      "officialSite": "https://cu.edu.eg",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/cairo-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-tartu",
      "name": "University of Tartu",
      "nameZh": "塔尔图大学",
      "nameJa": "タルトゥ大学",
      "countryCode": "EE",
      "country": "Estonia",
      "officialSite": "https://ut.ee",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://ut.ee/et/sisu/oppetoetused-ja-stipendiumid",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-tartu/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "aalto-university",
      "name": "Aalto University",
      "nameZh": "阿尔托大学",
      "nameJa": "アールト大学",
      "countryCode": "FI",
      "country": "Finland",
      "city": "Espoo",
      "officialSite": "https://www.aalto.fi",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.aalto.fi/en/admission-services/apply-to-bachelors-programmes-in-english",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.aalto.fi/en/admission-services/scholarships-and-tuition-fees",
      "tuitionMin": 12000,
      "tuitionMax": 20000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-EU/EEA students starting on or after 1 August 2025: bachelor's €12,000 (business, technology) or €15,000 (art and architecture); master's €15,000–20,000 by field.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/aalto-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-helsinki",
      "name": "University of Helsinki",
      "nameZh": "赫尔辛基大学",
      "nameJa": "ヘルシンキ大学",
      "countryCode": "FI",
      "country": "Finland",
      "city": "Helsinki",
      "officialSite": "https://www.helsinki.fi",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.helsinki.fi/en/admissions-and-education",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.helsinki.fi/en/admissions-and-education/admission-services-and-study-guidance",
      "tuitionMin": 13000,
      "tuitionMax": 18000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-EU/EEA students in English-taught programmes: €13,000 for bachelor's, €13,000–18,000 for master's depending on the programme. Finnish- and Swedish-taught programmes are free.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-helsinki/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "institut-polytechnique-de-paris",
      "name": "Institut Polytechnique de Paris",
      "nameZh": "巴黎综合理工学院",
      "nameJa": "パリ工科大学",
      "countryCode": "FR",
      "country": "France",
      "city": "Paris",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ip-paris.fr",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.ip-paris.fr/en/education/useful-information/admissions",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/institut-polytechnique-de-paris/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "psl-university",
      "name": "PSL University (Paris Sciences et Lettres)",
      "nameZh": "巴黎文理研究大学",
      "nameJa": "パリ科学人文学大学",
      "countryCode": "FR",
      "country": "France",
      "city": "Paris",
      "officialSite": "https://www.psl.eu",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.psl.eu/en/education/admissions",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.psl.eu/en/lifepsl/campus-life-paris/financial-aids",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.psl.eu/en/international",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/psl-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "sciences-po",
      "name": "Sciences Po",
      "nameZh": "巴黎政治学院",
      "nameJa": "パリ政治学院",
      "countryCode": "FR",
      "country": "France",
      "city": "Paris",
      "officialSite": "https://www.sciencespo.fr",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://admission.sciencespo.fr",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.sciencespo.fr/students/en/fees-funding/tuition-fees/",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.sciencespo.fr/fr/admissions-bourses/bourses-aides-financieres",
      "tuitionMin": 14900,
      "tuitionMax": 20640,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Students whose tax household is resident outside the EEA: €14,900 for the bachelor's, €20,640 for master's. EEA residents pay €0 up to those amounts by household income; nationality does not matter.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/sciences-po/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "sorbonne-university",
      "name": "Sorbonne University",
      "nameZh": "索邦大学",
      "nameJa": "ソルボンヌ大学",
      "countryCode": "FR",
      "country": "France",
      "city": "Paris",
      "officialSite": "https://www.sorbonne-universite.fr",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.sorbonne-universite.fr/formation-et-vie-etudiante/reussir-ses-etudes/bourses-aides-et-dispositifs",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/sorbonne-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "universite-paris-cite",
      "name": "Université Paris Cité",
      "nameZh": "巴黎西岱大学",
      "nameJa": "パリ・シテ大学",
      "countryCode": "FR",
      "country": "France",
      "city": "Paris",
      "officialSite": "https://u-paris.fr",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://u-paris.fr/droits-dinscription-tarifs-exonerations/",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://u-paris.fr/language/en/scholarships",
      "tuitionMin": 178,
      "tuitionMax": 255,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "2026/2027: non-EU students are partly exempted down to the national rates — €178 for a bachelor's, €255 for a master's. A national decree of May 2026 limits such exemptions from 2027/2028.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/universite-paris-cite/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "universite-paris-saclay",
      "name": "Université Paris-Saclay",
      "nameZh": "巴黎萨克雷大学",
      "nameJa": "パリ・サクレー大学",
      "countryCode": "FR",
      "country": "France",
      "officialSite": "https://www.universite-paris-saclay.fr",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.universite-paris-saclay.fr/admission/candidature-en-premier-cycle",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.universite-paris-saclay.fr/admission/bourses-et-aides-financieres",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/universite-paris-saclay/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "free-university-of-berlin",
      "name": "Free University of Berlin",
      "nameZh": "柏林自由大学",
      "nameJa": "ベルリン自由大学",
      "countryCode": "DE",
      "country": "Germany",
      "city": "Berlin",
      "officialSite": "https://www.fu-berlin.de",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.fu-berlin.de/en/studium/international/studium_fu/studienfinanzierung/index.html",
      "tuitionMin": 0,
      "tuitionMax": 0,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "No tuition fee except for continuing-education programmes; students pay semester fees and contributions, which include a public-transport ticket.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/free-university-of-berlin/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "goethe-university-frankfurt",
      "name": "Goethe University Frankfurt",
      "nameZh": "法兰克福歌德大学",
      "nameJa": "フランクフルト・ゲーテ大学",
      "countryCode": "DE",
      "country": "Germany",
      "city": "Frankfurt",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uni-frankfurt.de/en",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/goethe-university-frankfurt/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "heidelberg-university",
      "name": "Heidelberg University",
      "nameZh": "海德堡大学",
      "nameJa": "ハイデルベルク大学",
      "countryCode": "DE",
      "country": "Germany",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uni-heidelberg.de",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/en/study/application-enrolment",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/en/study/management-of-studies/semester-fees/tuition-fees-for-international-students",
      "tuitionMin": 1500,
      "tuitionMax": 1500,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-EU/EEA students with a foreign school-leaving qualification (Baden-Württemberg state fee); EU/EEA students pay no tuition.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/heidelberg-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "humboldt-university-of-berlin",
      "name": "Humboldt University of Berlin",
      "nameZh": "柏林洪堡大学",
      "nameJa": "フンボルト大学ベルリン",
      "countryCode": "DE",
      "country": "Germany",
      "city": "Berlin",
      "officialSite": "https://www.hu-berlin.de",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/humboldt-university-of-berlin/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "karlsruhe-institute-of-technology",
      "name": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology",
      "nameZh": "卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院",
      "nameJa": "カールスルーエ工科大学",
      "countryCode": "DE",
      "country": "Germany",
      "officialSite": "https://www.kit.edu",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.sle.kit.edu/imstudium/gebuehren.php",
      "tuitionMin": 1500,
      "tuitionMax": 1500,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-EU students who come to Germany to study pay €1,500 a semester on first enrolment (Baden-Württemberg state fee); EU/EEA students pay no tuition. Every student also pays about €184 a semester in administrative, student-services and student-union contributions.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-11-01",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/karlsruhe-institute-of-technology/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "lmu-munich",
      "name": "Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich",
      "nameZh": "慕尼黑大学",
      "nameJa": "ミュンヘン大学",
      "countryCode": "DE",
      "country": "Germany",
      "city": "Munich",
      "officialSite": "https://www.lmu.de",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.lmu.de/en/workspace-for-students/abc-study-guide/fees-and-tuition-fees/",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.lmu.de/en/workspace-for-students/international-student-guide",
      "tuitionMin": 0,
      "tuitionMax": 0,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "No tuition fee for any student; only the semester contribution to the student union is charged.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/lmu-munich/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "rwth-aachen-university",
      "name": "RWTH Aachen University",
      "nameZh": "亚琛工业大学",
      "nameJa": "アーヘン工科大学",
      "countryCode": "DE",
      "country": "Germany",
      "officialSite": "https://www.rwth-aachen.de",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.rwth-aachen.de/go/id/bqmn/lidx/1",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.rwth-aachen.de/scholarships",
      "tuitionMin": 0,
      "tuitionMax": 0,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "No tuition fee, including for non-EU students; every student pays the semester fee, which includes a public-transport ticket.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/rwth-aachen-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "technical-university-of-munich",
      "name": "Technical University of Munich",
      "nameZh": "慕尼黑工业大学",
      "nameJa": "ミュンヘン工科大学",
      "countryCode": "DE",
      "country": "Germany",
      "city": "Munich",
      "officialSite": "https://www.tum.de",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.tum.de/en/studies/application",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.tum.de/en/studies/fees/tuition",
      "tuitionMin": 2000,
      "tuitionMax": 6000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-EU students: €2,000 or €3,000 for bachelor's and €4,000 or €6,000 for master's programmes, depending on the programme; some programmes charge none. Higher rates apply from winter 2027/28.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/technical-university-of-munich/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "national-technical-university-of-athens",
      "name": "National Technical University of Athens",
      "nameZh": "雅典国立技术大学",
      "nameJa": "アテネ国立工科大学",
      "countryCode": "GR",
      "country": "Greece",
      "city": "Athens",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ntua.gr",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/national-technical-university-of-athens/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "chinese-university-of-hong-kong",
      "name": "Chinese University of Hong Kong",
      "nameZh": "香港中文大学",
      "nameJa": "香港中文大学",
      "countryCode": "HK",
      "country": "Hong Kong",
      "city": "Hong Kong",
      "officialSite": "https://www.cuhk.edu.hk",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.cuhk.edu.hk/english/admissions/admissions.html",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://admission.cuhk.edu.hk/fees-financing-your-studies/fees/",
      "tuitionMin": 230000,
      "tuitionMax": 230000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "HKD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-local undergraduates entering in 2027/28: HK$230,000 a year (2026/27 entry: HK$214,000). Local students pay far less.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/chinese-university-of-hong-kong/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "city-university-of-hong-kong",
      "name": "City University of Hong Kong",
      "nameZh": "香港城市大学",
      "nameJa": "香港城市大学",
      "countryCode": "HK",
      "country": "Hong Kong",
      "city": "Hong Kong",
      "officialSite": "https://www.cityu.edu.hk",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.cityu.edu.hk/en/admissions",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.cityu.edu.hk/fo/htm/degree_fees.htm",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.cityu.edu.hk/en/admissions/scholarship",
      "tuitionMin": 240000,
      "tuitionMax": 240000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "HKD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-local undergraduates admitted in 2027: HK$240,000 a year (2026 admission: HK$190,000); Veterinary Medicine is charged separately (HK$400,000 for 2027).",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/city-university-of-hong-kong/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "hong-kong-polytechnic-university",
      "name": "Hong Kong Polytechnic University",
      "nameZh": "香港理工大学",
      "nameJa": "香港理工大学",
      "countryCode": "HK",
      "country": "Hong Kong",
      "city": "Hong Kong",
      "officialSite": "https://www.polyu.edu.hk",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.polyu.edu.hk/admissions",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.polyu.edu.hk/study/ug/fees-and-scholarships/fees",
      "tuitionMin": 240000,
      "tuitionMax": 240000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "HKD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-local undergraduates in the 2027/28 intake: HK$240,000 a year. Local students pay HK$49,500.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/hong-kong-polytechnic-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "hkust",
      "name": "Hong Kong University of Science and Technology",
      "nameZh": "香港科技大学",
      "nameJa": "香港科技大学",
      "countryCode": "HK",
      "country": "Hong Kong",
      "city": "Hong Kong",
      "officialSite": "https://www.hkust.edu.hk",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://hkust.edu.hk/admissions",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://join.hkust.edu.hk/fees-and-scholarships",
      "tuitionMin": 260000,
      "tuitionMax": 260000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "HKD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-local undergraduates entering in 2027/28: HK$260,000 a year (2026/27 entry: HK$215,000). Local students pay far less.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/hkust/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-hong-kong",
      "name": "University of Hong Kong",
      "nameZh": "香港大学",
      "nameJa": "香港大学",
      "countryCode": "HK",
      "country": "Hong Kong",
      "city": "Hong Kong",
      "officialSite": "https://www.hku.hk",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://admissions.hku.hk/",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.hku.hk/en/admission-aid/tuition-fee-scholarships",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://aas.hku.hk/",
      "tuitionMin": 250000,
      "tuitionMax": 590000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "HKD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-subsidised composition fee for students admitted in 2027-28, which non-local students pay (HKU's 2027 general information for non-JUPAS applicants): HK$250,000 a year in architecture, arts, business and economics, education, law and social sciences; HK$280,000 in the STEM faculties and schools; HK$590,000 for medicine (MBBS) and dental surgery (BDS). Later years are charged at that year's rate, not locked at the entry rate. The 2026-27 cohort paid HK$224,000 or HK$249,000.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-11-01",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-hong-kong/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-iceland",
      "name": "University of Iceland",
      "nameZh": "冰岛大学",
      "nameJa": "アイスランド大学",
      "countryCode": "IS",
      "country": "Iceland",
      "city": "Reykjavík",
      "officialSite": "https://www.hi.is",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://english.hi.is/study/apply",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://english.hi.is/study/apply/university-fees",
      "tuitionMin": 0,
      "tuitionMax": 0,
      "tuitionCurrency": "ISK",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "No tuition fee; every student pays an ISK 100,000 annual registration fee. Tuition for students from outside the EEA/EFTA and Switzerland is authorised from autumn 2027, at levels not yet set.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-iceland/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "iisc-bangalore",
      "name": "Indian Institute of Science",
      "nameZh": "印度科学理工学院",
      "nameJa": "インド理科大学院",
      "countryCode": "IN",
      "country": "India",
      "officialSite": "https://iisc.ac.in",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.iisc.ac.in/admissions",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/iisc-bangalore/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "iit-bombay",
      "name": "Indian Institute of Technology Bombay",
      "nameZh": "印度理工学院孟买分校",
      "nameJa": "インド工科大学ボンベイ校",
      "countryCode": "IN",
      "country": "India",
      "officialSite": "https://www.iitb.ac.in",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/iit-bombay/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "iit-delhi",
      "name": "Indian Institute of Technology Delhi",
      "nameZh": "印度理工学院德里分校",
      "nameJa": "インド工科大学デリー校",
      "countryCode": "IN",
      "country": "India",
      "city": "New Delhi",
      "officialSite": "https://home.iitd.ac.in",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://home.iitd.ac.in/financial-aid.php",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/iit-delhi/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-indonesia",
      "name": "University of Indonesia",
      "nameZh": "印度尼西亚大学",
      "nameJa": "インドネシア大学",
      "countryCode": "ID",
      "country": "Indonesia",
      "city": "Jakarta",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ui.ac.id",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://international.ui.ac.id/scholarships/",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-indonesia/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "trinity-college-dublin",
      "name": "Trinity College Dublin",
      "nameZh": "都柏林圣三一学院",
      "nameJa": "トリニティ・カレッジ・ダブリン",
      "countryCode": "IE",
      "country": "Ireland",
      "city": "Dublin",
      "officialSite": "https://www.tcd.ie",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.tcd.ie/academicregistry/fees-and-payments",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.tcd.ie/study/international/scholarships",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/trinity-college-dublin/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "hebrew-university-of-jerusalem",
      "name": "Hebrew University of Jerusalem",
      "nameZh": "耶路撒冷希伯来大学",
      "nameJa": "ヘブライ大学",
      "countryCode": "IL",
      "country": "Israel",
      "city": "Jerusalem",
      "officialSite": "https://new.huji.ac.il",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://en.studentsadmin.huji.ac.il/tuition-structure",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://en.huji.ac.il/scholarship_opportunities",
      "tuitionMin": 15253.75,
      "tuitionMax": 15253.75,
      "tuitionCurrency": "ILS",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-Israeli citizens, 2026/27 annual undergraduate tuition for a full programme (Israeli citizens pay NIS 12,203), at the July 2026 consumer price index; updated with the index during the year. Regular degrees are taught in Hebrew.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-29",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/hebrew-university-of-jerusalem/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "tel-aviv-university",
      "name": "Tel Aviv University",
      "nameZh": "特拉维夫大学",
      "nameJa": "テルアビブ大学",
      "countryCode": "IL",
      "country": "Israel",
      "city": "Tel Aviv",
      "officialSite": "https://www.tau.ac.il",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://international.tau.ac.il/apply-to-international-programs-at-tel-aviv-university",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://international.tau.ac.il/fees_and_expenses",
      "tuitionMin": 15500,
      "tuitionMax": 17500,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "International English-taught bachelor's programmes: BA in Liberal Arts US$15,500, BA in Management and Liberal Arts US$17,500 a year, plus a US$150 application fee. The page does not name the academic year.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-29",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/tel-aviv-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "politecnico-di-milano",
      "name": "Polytechnic University of Milan",
      "nameZh": "米兰理工大学",
      "nameJa": "ミラノ工科大学",
      "countryCode": "IT",
      "country": "Italy",
      "city": "Milan",
      "officialSite": "https://www.polimi.it",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.polimi.it/futuri-studenti/test-e-ammissione",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.polimi.it/en/prospective-students/how-much-does-it-cost/laurea-laurea-magistrale-and-single-cycle-programmes",
      "tuitionMin": 157.04,
      "tuitionMax": 3943.04,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Income-based, for a standard plan of 46–74 ECTS. Non-EU master's students with a first degree from abroad and no scholarship pay the maximum.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/politecnico-di-milano/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "sapienza-university-of-rome",
      "name": "Sapienza University of Rome",
      "nameZh": "罗马第一大学",
      "nameJa": "ローマ・サピエンツァ大学",
      "countryCode": "IT",
      "country": "Italy",
      "city": "Rome",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uniroma1.it",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.uniroma1.it/it/pagina/funding-institutional",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.uniroma1.it/it/international",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/sapienza-university-of-rome/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "hokkaido-university",
      "name": "Hokkaido University",
      "nameZh": "北海道大学",
      "nameJa": "北海道大学",
      "countryCode": "JP",
      "country": "Japan",
      "city": "Sapporo",
      "officialSite": "https://www.hokudai.ac.jp",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.hokudai.ac.jp/admission",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.hokudai.ac.jp/gakusei/campus-life/certificates/tuition.html",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.hokudai.ac.jp/international3",
      "tuitionMin": 535800,
      "tuitionMax": 535800,
      "tuitionCurrency": "JPY",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Same fee for every student, undergraduate and graduate (Japan's national-university standard).",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/hokkaido-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "keio-university",
      "name": "Keio University",
      "nameZh": "庆应义塾大学",
      "nameJa": "慶應義塾大学",
      "countryCode": "JP",
      "country": "Japan",
      "city": "Tokyo",
      "officialSite": "https://www.keio.ac.jp",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/admissions",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/admissions/fee/faculty/",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/admissions/scholarship",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/education/international",
      "tuitionMin": 990000,
      "tuitionMax": 3040000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "JPY",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Keio's AY2026 undergraduate fee table: tuition ¥990,000 a year in letters, economics, law and business, ¥1,170,000 in policy management, environment and information studies, and nursing, ¥1,440,000 in science and technology, ¥3,040,000 in medicine. On top come a ¥70,000 registration fee and a ¥240,000–420,000 facilities fee each year, plus a ¥200,000 admission fee in year one, so a 2026 entrant pays ¥1,503,350 (letters) to ¥3,953,350 (medicine) in the first year. The table lists no separate rate for international students.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-11-01",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/keio-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "kyoto-university",
      "name": "Kyoto University",
      "nameZh": "京都大学",
      "nameJa": "京都大学",
      "countryCode": "JP",
      "country": "Japan",
      "city": "Kyoto",
      "officialSite": "https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/education-campus/education-and-admissions/undergraduate-degree-programs/how-to-apply",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ja/education-campus/contact/fees/jugyo",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/education-campus/education-and-admissions/intl-admissions",
      "tuitionMin": 535800,
      "tuitionMax": 535800,
      "tuitionCurrency": "JPY",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Same fee for every student, undergraduate and graduate (Japan's national-university standard).",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/kyoto-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "kyushu-university",
      "name": "Kyushu University",
      "nameZh": "九州大学",
      "nameJa": "九州大学",
      "countryCode": "JP",
      "country": "Japan",
      "city": "Fukuoka",
      "officialSite": "https://www.kyushu-u.ac.jp",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.kyushu-u.ac.jp/ja/admission",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.kyushu-u.ac.jp/ja/admission/fees/expenses",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.kyushu-u.ac.jp/ja/international",
      "tuitionMin": 535800,
      "tuitionMax": 535800,
      "tuitionCurrency": "JPY",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Same fee for every student, undergraduate and graduate (Japan's national-university standard).",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/kyushu-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "nagoya-university",
      "name": "Nagoya University",
      "nameZh": "名古屋大学",
      "nameJa": "名古屋大学",
      "countryCode": "JP",
      "country": "Japan",
      "city": "Nagoya",
      "officialSite": "https://www.nagoya-u.ac.jp",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.nagoya-u.ac.jp/admissions",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.nagoya-u.ac.jp/academics/campus-life/tuition/",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.nagoya-u.ac.jp/international/index.html",
      "tuitionMin": 535800,
      "tuitionMax": 535800,
      "tuitionCurrency": "JPY",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Same fee for every student, undergraduate and graduate (Japan's national-university standard).",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/nagoya-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "osaka-university",
      "name": "Osaka University",
      "nameZh": "大阪大学",
      "nameJa": "大阪大学",
      "countryCode": "JP",
      "country": "Japan",
      "city": "Osaka",
      "officialSite": "https://www.osaka-u.ac.jp",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.osaka-u.ac.jp/ja/admissions",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.osaka-u.ac.jp/ja/campus/tuition/tuition_info",
      "tuitionMin": 535800,
      "tuitionMax": 535800,
      "tuitionCurrency": "JPY",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Same fee for every student, undergraduate and graduate (Japan's national-university standard).",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/osaka-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "tohoku-university",
      "name": "Tohoku University",
      "nameZh": "东北大学",
      "nameJa": "東北大学",
      "countryCode": "JP",
      "country": "Japan",
      "city": "Sendai",
      "officialSite": "https://www.tohoku.ac.jp",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.tohoku.ac.jp/en/admissions/admission_undergraduate.html",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.tohoku.ac.jp/en/admissions/tuition_fees.html",
      "tuitionMin": 535800,
      "tuitionMax": 535800,
      "tuitionCurrency": "JPY",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Same fee for every student, undergraduate and graduate (Japan's national-university standard).",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/tohoku-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-tokyo",
      "name": "University of Tokyo",
      "nameZh": "东京大学",
      "nameJa": "東京大学",
      "countryCode": "JP",
      "country": "Japan",
      "city": "Tokyo",
      "officialSite": "https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/prospective-students/tuition_fees.html",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/prospective-students/scholarships.html",
      "tuitionMin": 535800,
      "tuitionMax": 642960,
      "tuitionCurrency": "JPY",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "¥642,960 for undergraduates entering from 2025; ¥535,800 for graduate students. Same fee for international students.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-tokyo/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "waseda-university",
      "name": "Waseda University",
      "nameZh": "早稻田大学",
      "nameJa": "早稲田大学",
      "countryCode": "JP",
      "country": "Japan",
      "city": "Tokyo",
      "officialSite": "https://www.waseda.jp",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.waseda.jp/top/en/study",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.waseda.jp/inst/scholarship/en",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/waseda-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "al-farabi-kazakh-national-university",
      "name": "Al-Farabi Kazakh National University",
      "nameZh": "阿尔法拉比哈萨克国立大学",
      "nameJa": "アル＝ファラビ・カザフ国立大学",
      "countryCode": "KZ",
      "country": "Kazakhstan",
      "officialSite": "https://www.kaznu.kz",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/al-farabi-kazakh-national-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "kuwait-university",
      "name": "Kuwait University",
      "nameZh": "科威特大学",
      "nameJa": "クウェート大学",
      "countryCode": "KW",
      "country": "Kuwait",
      "city": "Kuwait City",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ku.edu.kw",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.ku.edu.kw/admissions",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/kuwait-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "vilnius-university",
      "name": "Vilnius University",
      "nameZh": "维尔纽斯大学",
      "nameJa": "ヴィリニュス大学",
      "countryCode": "LT",
      "country": "Lithuania",
      "city": "Vilnius",
      "officialSite": "https://www.vu.lt",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/vilnius-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "universiti-malaya",
      "name": "University of Malaya",
      "nameZh": "马来亚大学",
      "nameJa": "マラヤ大学",
      "countryCode": "MY",
      "country": "Malaysia",
      "city": "Kuala Lumpur",
      "officialSite": "https://www.um.edu.my",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://study.um.edu.my/how-to-apply",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://bendahari.um.edu.my",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/universiti-malaya/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "unam",
      "name": "National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)",
      "nameZh": "墨西哥国立自治大学",
      "nameJa": "メキシコ国立自治大学",
      "countryCode": "MX",
      "country": "Mexico",
      "city": "Mexico City",
      "officialSite": "https://www.unam.mx",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.becarios.unam.mx/Portal2018",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/unam/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mohammed-v-university",
      "name": "Mohammed V University in Rabat",
      "nameZh": "拉巴特穆罕默德五世大学",
      "nameJa": "ラバト・モハメッド5世大学",
      "countryCode": "MA",
      "country": "Morocco",
      "city": "Rabat",
      "officialSite": "https://www.um5.ac.ma",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.um5.ac.ma/um5/bureau-dadmission-en-ligne",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.um5.ac.ma/um5/bourses-0",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.um5.ac.ma/um5/etudiants-etrangers",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/mohammed-v-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "tu-delft",
      "name": "Delft University of Technology",
      "nameZh": "代尔夫特理工大学",
      "nameJa": "デルフト工科大学",
      "countryCode": "NL",
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "officialSite": "https://www.tudelft.nl",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.tudelft.nl/en/education/admission-and-application",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.tudelft.nl/en/education/study-programme-orientation/practical-matters/tuition-fee-finances",
      "tuitionMin": 20563,
      "tuitionMax": 20563,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-EU/EFTA bachelor's students, institutional fee for 2027/2028 (2026/2027: €19,906). EU/EEA students pay the statutory fee.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/tu-delft/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "eindhoven-university-of-technology",
      "name": "Eindhoven University of Technology",
      "nameZh": "埃因霍温理工大学",
      "nameJa": "アイントホーフェン工科大学",
      "countryCode": "NL",
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "city": "Eindhoven",
      "officialSite": "https://www.tue.nl",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.tue.nl/en/education/become-a-tue-student/admission-and-enrollment",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.tue.nl/en/education/become-a-tue-student/tuition-fees-and-other-study-costs/tuition-fee",
      "tuitionMin": 22400,
      "tuitionMax": 22400,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-EEA bachelor's students, institutional fee for 2027-2028 (2026-2027: €18,600). In July 2026 TU/e announced a substantial fee increase for non-EEA students and an end to international recruitment for bachelor's programmes.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/eindhoven-university-of-technology/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "leiden-university",
      "name": "Leiden University",
      "nameZh": "莱顿大学",
      "nameJa": "ライデン大学",
      "countryCode": "NL",
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "officialSite": "https://www.universiteitleiden.nl",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/education/admission-and-application",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/leiden-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-amsterdam",
      "name": "University of Amsterdam",
      "nameZh": "阿姆斯特丹大学",
      "nameJa": "アムステルダム大学",
      "countryCode": "NL",
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "city": "Amsterdam",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uva.nl",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.uva.nl/en/education/fees-and-funding/tuition-fees/tuition-fees.html",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.uva.nl/en/education/fees-and-funding/masters-scholarships-and-loans/scholarships-and-loans.html",
      "tuitionMin": 15730,
      "tuitionMax": 34500,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-EEA bachelor's students, institutional fee for 2027-2028 by faculty: economics and business €15,730, most programmes €16,000–22,000, medicine and dentistry €34,500.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-amsterdam/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-groningen",
      "name": "University of Groningen",
      "nameZh": "格罗宁根大学",
      "nameJa": "フローニンゲン大学",
      "countryCode": "NL",
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "city": "Groningen",
      "officialSite": "https://www.rug.nl",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.rug.nl/education/application-enrolment-tuition-fees/tuition-fee/bachelor?lang=en",
      "tuitionMin": 14000,
      "tuitionMax": 32000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-EU/EEA bachelor's students, 2026-2027: €14,000 for most faculties, €19,800 for science and engineering, €32,000 for medicine and dentistry. 2027-2028 rates are mostly still to be announced.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-groningen/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "utrecht-university",
      "name": "Utrecht University",
      "nameZh": "乌得勒支大学",
      "nameJa": "ユトレヒト大学",
      "countryCode": "NL",
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "city": "Utrecht",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uu.nl",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/utrecht-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-auckland",
      "name": "University of Auckland",
      "nameZh": "奥克兰大学",
      "nameJa": "オークランド大学",
      "countryCode": "NZ",
      "country": "New Zealand",
      "city": "Auckland",
      "officialSite": "https://www.auckland.ac.nz",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/study/applications-and-admissions.html",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/study/fees-and-money-matters/tuition-fees/international-student-fees/undergraduate-international-fees.html",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/study/scholarships-and-awards.html",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/study/international-students.html",
      "tuitionMin": 42236.4,
      "tuitionMax": 72158.4,
      "tuitionCurrency": "NZD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "International undergraduates, estimated 2027 fees for a full-time year (120 points), by programme. Medicine (Year 2 onward) costs more; its 2027 figure is misprinted on the page, and the 2028 table gives NZ$91,754.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-29",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-29",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-auckland/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-oslo",
      "name": "University of Oslo",
      "nameZh": "奥斯陆大学",
      "nameJa": "オスロ大学",
      "countryCode": "NO",
      "country": "Norway",
      "city": "Oslo",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uio.no",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www-int.uio.no/english/studies/admission/tuition/table-of-costs/index.html",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.uio.no/english/studies/admission/scholarships/",
      "tuitionMin": 136000,
      "tuitionMax": 295000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "NOK",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Students from outside the EU/EEA and Switzerland, 2026/2027 rates by programme; students admitted before 2023 and exchange students are not charged.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-oslo/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "sultan-qaboos-university",
      "name": "Sultan Qaboos University",
      "nameZh": "苏丹卡布斯大学",
      "nameJa": "スルタン・カブース大学",
      "countryCode": "OM",
      "country": "Oman",
      "city": "Muscat",
      "officialSite": "https://www.squ.edu.om",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.squ.edu.om/admissions",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/sultan-qaboos-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "nust-pakistan",
      "name": "National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)",
      "nameZh": "巴基斯坦国立科技大学",
      "nameJa": "パキスタン国立科学技術大学",
      "countryCode": "PK",
      "country": "Pakistan",
      "city": "Islamabad",
      "officialSite": "https://nust.edu.pk",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://nust.edu.pk/admissions",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://nust.edu.pk/admissions/scholarships",
      "internationalUrl": "https://nio.nust.edu.pk/admissions/international-student-admissions",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/nust-pakistan/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "pontificia-universidad-catolica-del-peru",
      "name": "Pontifical Catholic University of Peru",
      "nameZh": "秘鲁天主教大学",
      "nameJa": "ペルー・カトリック大学",
      "countryCode": "PE",
      "country": "Peru",
      "city": "Lima",
      "officialSite": "https://www.pucp.edu.pe",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.pucp.edu.pe/en/admision",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.pucp.edu.pe/en/pregrado/becas",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.pucp.edu.pe/internacionalizacion",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/pontificia-universidad-catolica-del-peru/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-the-philippines",
      "name": "University of the Philippines",
      "nameZh": "菲律宾大学",
      "nameJa": "フィリピン大学",
      "countryCode": "PH",
      "country": "Philippines",
      "officialSite": "https://up.edu.ph",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://upcat.up.edu.ph",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-the-philippines/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "jagiellonian-university",
      "name": "Jagiellonian University",
      "nameZh": "雅盖隆大学",
      "nameJa": "ヤギェウォ大学",
      "countryCode": "PL",
      "country": "Poland",
      "officialSite": "https://en.uj.edu.pl",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://en.uj.edu.pl/en_GB/studying-in-krakow",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/jagiellonian-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-warsaw",
      "name": "University of Warsaw",
      "nameZh": "华沙大学",
      "nameJa": "ワルシャワ大学",
      "countryCode": "PL",
      "country": "Poland",
      "city": "Warsaw",
      "officialSite": "https://en.uw.edu.pl",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-warsaw/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "instituto-superior-tecnico",
      "name": "Instituto Superior Técnico (University of Lisbon)",
      "nameZh": "里斯本高等技术学院",
      "nameJa": "リスボン工科大学（IST）",
      "countryCode": "PT",
      "country": "Portugal",
      "city": "Lisbon",
      "officialSite": "https://tecnico.ulisboa.pt/en/",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://tecnico.ulisboa.pt/en/education/study-at-tecnico/academic-information/tuition-fees-and-insurance",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/instituto-superior-tecnico/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "iscte-university-institute-of-lisbon",
      "name": "ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon",
      "nameZh": "里斯本大学学院（ISCTE）",
      "nameJa": "リスボン大学学院（ISCTE）",
      "countryCode": "PT",
      "country": "Portugal",
      "city": "Lisbon",
      "officialSite": "https://www.iscte-iul.pt/",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.iscte-iul.pt/international",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/iscte-university-institute-of-lisbon/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-porto",
      "name": "University of Porto",
      "nameZh": "波尔图大学",
      "nameJa": "ポルト大学",
      "countryCode": "PT",
      "country": "Portugal",
      "city": "Porto",
      "officialSite": "https://www.up.pt",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://noticias.up.pt/2025/12/30/u-porto-abre-mais-de-700-vagas-para-estudantes-internacionais-em-2026-2027/",
      "tuitionMin": 3500,
      "tuitionMax": 16500,
      "tuitionCurrency": "EUR",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "International students, 2026/2027: each faculty sets its own fee within this range. Students from Portuguese-speaking (CPLP) countries get up to 45% off.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-porto/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "qatar-university",
      "name": "Qatar University",
      "nameZh": "卡塔尔大学",
      "nameJa": "カタール大学",
      "countryCode": "QA",
      "country": "Qatar",
      "city": "Doha",
      "officialSite": "https://www.qu.edu.qa",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/qatar-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "king-saud-university",
      "name": "King Saud University",
      "nameZh": "沙特国王大学",
      "nameJa": "キング・サウード大学",
      "countryCode": "SA",
      "country": "Saudi Arabia",
      "city": "Riyadh",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ksu.edu.sa",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/king-saud-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-belgrade",
      "name": "University of Belgrade",
      "nameZh": "贝尔格莱德大学",
      "nameJa": "ベオグラード大学",
      "countryCode": "RS",
      "country": "Serbia",
      "city": "Belgrade",
      "officialSite": "https://www.bg.ac.rs",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.bg.ac.rs/internationalization",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-belgrade/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ntu-singapore",
      "name": "Nanyang Technological University",
      "nameZh": "南洋理工大学",
      "nameJa": "南洋理工大学",
      "countryCode": "SG",
      "country": "Singapore",
      "city": "Singapore",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ntu.edu.sg",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.ntu.edu.sg/admissions",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.ntu.edu.sg/admissions/undergraduate/fees-and-funding/tuition-fees/accepted-programme-offer-in-2026",
      "tuitionMin": 36350,
      "tuitionMax": 45600,
      "tuitionCurrency": "SGD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "International students who do not take the MOE Tuition Grant, AY2026/27 intake, most programmes: S$36,350 (non-lab), S$40,600 (lab-based), S$45,600 (accountancy and business); Medicine is not offered without the grant. With the grant the fee is much lower, but graduates must work in Singapore for three years.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/ntu-singapore/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "national-university-of-singapore",
      "name": "National University of Singapore",
      "nameZh": "新加坡国立大学",
      "nameJa": "シンガポール国立大学",
      "countryCode": "SG",
      "country": "Singapore",
      "city": "Singapore",
      "officialSite": "https://www.nus.edu.sg",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.nus.edu.sg/oam",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.nus.edu.sg/registrar/docs/default-source/administrative-policies-procedures/ugtuitioncurrent.pdf",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.nus.edu.sg/oam/scholarships",
      "tuitionMin": 33400,
      "tuitionMax": 44450,
      "tuitionCurrency": "SGD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "International students who do not take the MOE Tuition Grant, AY2026/27 intake, most programmes (S$33,400 business to S$44,450 law); medicine and dentistry S$190,150, music S$147,850. With the grant the fee is much lower, but graduates must work in Singapore for three years.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/national-university-of-singapore/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "singapore-management-university",
      "name": "Singapore Management University",
      "nameZh": "新加坡管理大学",
      "nameJa": "シンガポール経営大学",
      "countryCode": "SG",
      "country": "Singapore",
      "city": "Singapore",
      "officialSite": "https://www.smu.edu.sg",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.smu.edu.sg/admissions",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://admissions.smu.edu.sg/financial-matters/tuition-fees-grant",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://admissions.smu.edu.sg/scholarships",
      "tuitionMin": 47700,
      "tuitionMax": 56150,
      "tuitionCurrency": "SGD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "International students who do not take the MOE Tuition Grant, AY2026/27 intake, most programmes: S$47,700; Bachelor of Laws S$56,150. Fees are fixed for the four years. With the grant the fee is much lower, but graduates must work in Singapore for three years.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/singapore-management-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-ljubljana",
      "name": "University of Ljubljana",
      "nameZh": "卢布尔雅那大学",
      "nameJa": "リュブリャナ大学",
      "countryCode": "SI",
      "country": "Slovenia",
      "city": "Ljubljana",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uni-lj.si",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.uni-lj.si/en/study/scholarships",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.uni-lj.si/en/study/international-students",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-ljubljana/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-cape-town",
      "name": "University of Cape Town",
      "nameZh": "开普敦大学",
      "nameJa": "ケープタウン大学",
      "countryCode": "ZA",
      "country": "South Africa",
      "city": "Cape Town",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uct.ac.za",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://uct.ac.za/students/applications-admission-requirements/eligibility-admission",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://uct.ac.za/students/fees-funding-fees/fees-handbook",
      "internationalUrl": "https://uct.ac.za/international-uct",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-cape-town/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "hanyang-university",
      "name": "Hanyang University",
      "nameZh": "汉阳大学",
      "nameJa": "漢陽大学",
      "countryCode": "KR",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "city": "Seoul",
      "officialSite": "https://www.hanyang.ac.kr",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.hanyang.ac.kr/admissions-guide",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://oia.hanyang.ac.kr/admission",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.hanyang.ac.kr/sc_s",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.hanyang.ac.kr/global_s",
      "tuitionMin": 5279000,
      "tuitionMax": 7820000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "KRW",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "International undergraduates, from the tuition table in Hanyang's 2027 Spring admission guideline for international students (fees based on the Fall 2026 semester): humanities and social sciences ₩5,279,000, natural sciences and sports ₩6,150,000, engineering ₩6,960,000, film, theatre and dance ₩6,976,000, music ₩7,820,000.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-11-01",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/hanyang-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "kaist",
      "name": "KAIST — Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology",
      "nameZh": "韩国科学技术院",
      "nameJa": "韓国科学技術院",
      "countryCode": "KR",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "city": "Daejeon",
      "officialSite": "https://www.kaist.ac.kr",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://admission.kaist.ac.kr/intl-undergraduate/support/coa",
      "tuitionMin": 3433000,
      "tuitionMax": 3433000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "KRW",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "International undergraduates, main campus. Every admitted international undergraduate receives the KAIST Scholarship, which covers the full tuition for four years.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/kaist/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "korea-university",
      "name": "Korea University",
      "nameZh": "高丽大学",
      "nameJa": "高麗大学",
      "countryCode": "KR",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "city": "Seoul",
      "officialSite": "https://www.korea.ac.kr",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://oia.korea.ac.kr/oia/under/Tuition.do",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://scholarship.korea.ac.kr/scholarship/index.do",
      "internationalUrl": "https://oia.korea.ac.kr",
      "tuitionMin": 5800000,
      "tuitionMax": 7800000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "KRW",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "International undergraduates, 2026, approximate figures as the Office of International Affairs states them: humanities and social sciences about ₩5,800,000, natural sciences about ₩6,700,000, engineering about ₩7,700,000, art about ₩7,800,000.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/korea-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "postech",
      "name": "POSTECH — Pohang University of Science and Technology",
      "nameZh": "浦项科技大学",
      "nameJa": "浦項工科大学",
      "countryCode": "KR",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "officialSite": "https://www.postech.ac.kr",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://adm-u.postech.ac.kr/entrance-exam/guide",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://adm-iu.postech.ac.kr/user/comm/menu/4a69b7aee6a156d3c2ddb7413544ab2c/content/index.do",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.postech.ac.kr/kor/college-life/scholarship_information.do",
      "tuitionMin": 2790000,
      "tuitionMax": 2790000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "KRW",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "International undergraduates, as POSTECH's cost-of-attendance table states it for 2026 (the same table notes a first-semester 2026 fee of ₩2,924,000). Every admitted undergraduate gets a full tuition waiver for the first semester; it continues for up to eight semesters with a GPA of at least 3.0 out of 4.3 in the previous semester.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-11-01",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/postech/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "seoul-national-university",
      "name": "Seoul National University",
      "nameZh": "首尔大学",
      "nameJa": "ソウル大学",
      "countryCode": "KR",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "city": "Seoul",
      "officialSite": "https://www.snu.ac.kr",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://admission.snu.ac.kr/",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.snu.ac.kr/webdata/uploads/kor/file/2026/02/2026_tuition.pdf",
      "tuitionMin": 2442000,
      "tuitionMax": 5038000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "KRW",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "SNU's general undergraduate tuition table, first semester of 2026, by college: ₩2,442,000 (humanities, business, law) to ₩2,998,000 (engineering); fine arts ₩3,653,000, music ₩3,916,000, pharmacy ₩4,481,000, medicine ₩5,038,000. SNU's 2021 international admissions guide printed this same table; the 2026 guide could not be opened to confirm it still applies to international students.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/seoul-national-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "sungkyunkwan-university",
      "name": "Sungkyunkwan University",
      "nameZh": "成均馆大学",
      "nameJa": "成均館大学",
      "countryCode": "KR",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "city": "Seoul",
      "officialSite": "https://www.skku.edu",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.skku.edu/skku/campus/support/scholarship.do",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/sungkyunkwan-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "yonsei-university",
      "name": "Yonsei University",
      "nameZh": "延世大学",
      "nameJa": "延世大学",
      "countryCode": "KR",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "city": "Seoul",
      "officialSite": "https://www.yonsei.ac.kr",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://admission.yonsei.ac.kr/seoul/admission/html/international/about_yonsei.asp",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.yonsei.ac.kr/sites/en_sc/down/2026_fee1.pdf",
      "tuitionMin": 4556000,
      "tuitionMax": 9221000,
      "tuitionCurrency": "KRW",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "Yonsei's 2026 tuition table for international students, by college: liberal arts ₩4,556,000–4,770,000, engineering ₩6,004,000–6,218,000, Underwood International College ₩8,202,000–8,416,000, integrated technology up to ₩9,221,000. Most international freshmen spend year one in the Global Leaders College (₩7,388,000 first semester). International students pay more than Korean students.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/yonsei-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "complutense-university-of-madrid",
      "name": "Complutense University of Madrid",
      "nameZh": "马德里康普顿斯大学",
      "nameJa": "マドリード・コンプルテンセ大学",
      "countryCode": "ES",
      "country": "Spain",
      "city": "Madrid",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ucm.es",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.ucm.es/matriculagrados",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.ucm.es/becas-ayudas2",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.ucm.es/titulaciones-internacionales",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/complutense-university-of-madrid/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-barcelona",
      "name": "University of Barcelona",
      "nameZh": "巴塞罗那大学",
      "nameJa": "バルセロナ大学",
      "countryCode": "ES",
      "country": "Spain",
      "city": "Barcelona",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ub.edu",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-barcelona/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "kth-royal-institute-of-technology",
      "name": "KTH Royal Institute of Technology",
      "nameZh": "皇家理工学院",
      "nameJa": "王立工科大学",
      "countryCode": "SE",
      "country": "Sweden",
      "city": "Stockholm",
      "officialSite": "https://www.kth.se",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/kth-royal-institute-of-technology/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "lund-university",
      "name": "Lund University",
      "nameZh": "隆德大学",
      "nameJa": "ルンド大学",
      "countryCode": "SE",
      "country": "Sweden",
      "officialSite": "https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/study/admission-degree-studies",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/current-students/international-opportunities",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/lund-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "epfl",
      "name": "EPFL — École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne",
      "nameZh": "洛桑联邦理工学院",
      "nameJa": "ローザンヌ連邦工科大学",
      "countryCode": "CH",
      "country": "Switzerland",
      "city": "Lausanne",
      "officialSite": "https://www.epfl.ch",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.epfl.ch/education/admission",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.epfl.ch/education/studies/en/rules-and-procedures/study-taxes/tuition-fee-other-fees/",
      "tuitionMin": 2190,
      "tuitionMax": 2190,
      "tuitionCurrency": "CHF",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "Foreign students who came to Switzerland to study, from autumn 2025 (three times the CHF 730 paid by Swiss students and residents).",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/epfl/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "eth-zurich",
      "name": "ETH Zurich",
      "nameZh": "苏黎世联邦理工学院",
      "nameJa": "チューリッヒ工科大学",
      "countryCode": "CH",
      "country": "Switzerland",
      "city": "Zurich",
      "officialSite": "https://ethz.ch",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://ethz.ch/en/studies/bachelor/application.html",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://ethz.ch/students/en/studies/financial/tuition-fees.html",
      "tuitionMin": 2190,
      "tuitionMax": 2190,
      "tuitionCurrency": "CHF",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "Foreign students who came to Switzerland to study, from autumn 2025 (three times the CHF 730 paid by Swiss students and residents).",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/eth-zurich/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-bern",
      "name": "University of Bern",
      "nameZh": "伯尔尼大学",
      "nameJa": "ベルン大学",
      "countryCode": "CH",
      "country": "Switzerland",
      "city": "Bern",
      "officialSite": "https://www.unibe.ch",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.unibe.ch/studies/organizational_matters/renewal_of_semester_registration/fees/index_eng.html",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.unibe.ch/studies/prospective_students/international_students/index_eng.html",
      "tuitionMin": 2550,
      "tuitionMax": 2550,
      "tuitionCurrency": "CHF",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "Non-Swiss students admitted with a qualification obtained outside Switzerland, from autumn 2026: CHF 850 tuition plus a CHF 1,700 additional fee.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-bern/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-geneva",
      "name": "University of Geneva",
      "nameZh": "日内瓦大学",
      "nameJa": "ジュネーヴ大学",
      "countryCode": "CH",
      "country": "Switzerland",
      "city": "Geneva",
      "officialSite": "https://www.unige.ch",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-geneva/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-zurich",
      "name": "University of Zurich",
      "nameZh": "苏黎世大学",
      "nameJa": "チューリッヒ大学",
      "countryCode": "CH",
      "country": "Switzerland",
      "city": "Zurich",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uzh.ch",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.uzh.ch/en/studies/application.html",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.uzh.ch/en/studies/application/fees.html",
      "tuitionMin": 820,
      "tuitionMax": 1220,
      "tuitionCurrency": "CHF",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "Foreign students: CHF 720 tuition plus a CHF 100 surcharge at master's level or CHF 500 at bachelor's level.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-zurich/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "national-taiwan-university",
      "name": "National Taiwan University",
      "nameZh": "国立台湾大学",
      "nameJa": "国立台湾大学",
      "countryCode": "TW",
      "country": "Taiwan",
      "city": "Taipei",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ntu.edu.tw",
      "internationalUrl": "https://oia.ntu.edu.tw/",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/national-taiwan-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "chulalongkorn-university",
      "name": "Chulalongkorn University",
      "nameZh": "朱拉隆功大学",
      "nameJa": "チュラーロンコーン大学",
      "countryCode": "TH",
      "country": "Thailand",
      "city": "Bangkok",
      "officialSite": "https://www.chula.ac.th",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.chula.ac.th/academics/admissions/undergraduate-admission",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.chula.ac.th/en/international-students",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/chulalongkorn-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "koc-university",
      "name": "Koç University",
      "nameZh": "科奇大学",
      "nameJa": "コチ大学",
      "countryCode": "TR",
      "country": "Turkey",
      "city": "Istanbul",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ku.edu.tr",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/koc-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "middle-east-technical-university",
      "name": "Middle East Technical University (METU)",
      "nameZh": "中东技术大学",
      "nameJa": "中東工科大学",
      "countryCode": "TR",
      "country": "Turkey",
      "city": "Ankara",
      "officialSite": "https://www.metu.edu.tr",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://iso.metu.edu.tr/en/system/files/2026-2027_tuition_fees_14092026.pdf",
      "tuitionMin": 800,
      "tuitionMax": 1200,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "International-quota undergraduates who started in autumn 2023 or later, 2026-2027: US$1,200 (architecture, engineering, sciences) or US$800 (social sciences, economics, education), paid in Turkish lira at the central bank rate.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/middle-east-technical-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "american-university-in-dubai",
      "name": "American University in Dubai",
      "nameZh": "迪拜美国大学",
      "nameJa": "アメリカン大学ドバイ校",
      "countryCode": "AE",
      "country": "United Arab Emirates",
      "city": "Dubai",
      "officialSite": "https://www.aud.edu",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.aud.edu/admissions",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.aud.edu/university-overview/administrative-offices/office-of-finance/tuition-and-fees/",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.aud.edu/admissions/scholarships",
      "tuitionMin": 53025,
      "tuitionMax": 53025,
      "tuitionCurrency": "AED",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "Undergraduate tuition for a full-time load of 12–16 credits, plus an AED 1,000 services and technology fee each semester. The page does not name the academic year.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-29",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/american-university-in-dubai/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "khalifa-university",
      "name": "Khalifa University",
      "nameZh": "哈利法大学",
      "nameJa": "ハリーファ大学",
      "countryCode": "AE",
      "country": "United Arab Emirates",
      "city": "Abu Dhabi",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ku.ac.ae",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.ku.ac.ae/undergraduate-admissions",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.ku.ac.ae/undergraduate-admissions",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.ku.ac.ae/scholarships",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.ku.ac.ae/international-student-services",
      "tuitionMin": 81250,
      "tuitionMax": 81250,
      "tuitionCurrency": "AED",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Undergraduate tuition is AED 2,500 per credit hour; the admissions page gives about AED 81,250 a year for 12–16 credits a semester. The page does not distinguish UAE nationals from international students.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-29",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/khalifa-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "imperial-college-london",
      "name": "Imperial College London",
      "nameZh": "帝国理工学院",
      "nameJa": "インペリアル・カレッジ・ロンドン",
      "countryCode": "GB",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "city": "London",
      "officialSite": "https://www.imperial.ac.uk",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.imperial.ac.uk/study/apply/",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.imperial.ac.uk/students/fees-and-funding/tuition-fees/undergraduate-tuition-fees/2026-27/",
      "tuitionMin": 42700,
      "tuitionMax": 58600,
      "tuitionCurrency": "GBP",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Overseas undergraduates in the 2026 cohort: £42,700 (mathematics, business) to £45,500 (most engineering and science); medicine £58,600. Fees are set per entry cohort.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/imperial-college-london/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "kings-college-london",
      "name": "King's College London",
      "nameZh": "伦敦国王学院",
      "nameJa": "キングス・カレッジ・ロンドン",
      "countryCode": "GB",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "city": "London",
      "officialSite": "https://www.kcl.ac.uk",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/funding",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/kings-college-london/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "london-school-of-economics",
      "name": "London School of Economics and Political Science",
      "nameZh": "伦敦政治经济学院",
      "nameJa": "ロンドン・スクール・オブ・エコノミクス",
      "countryCode": "GB",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "city": "London",
      "officialSite": "https://www.lse.ac.uk",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Undergraduate/Prospective-Students/How-to-Apply",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://info.lse.ac.uk/staff/divisions/Planning-Division/Table-of-Fees",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/international-students",
      "tuitionMin": 28900,
      "tuitionMax": 39900,
      "tuitionCurrency": "GBP",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Overseas undergraduates entering in 2026/27, in five tiers by programme; the fee is fixed for the whole degree. 2027/28 entrants pay more.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/london-school-of-economics/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ucl",
      "name": "University College London",
      "nameZh": "伦敦大学学院",
      "nameJa": "ユニバーシティ・カレッジ・ロンドン",
      "countryCode": "GB",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "city": "London",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ucl.ac.uk",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.ucl.ac.uk/study/student-finances/tuition-fees/fee-schedules",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.ucl.ac.uk/scholarships/",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/ucl/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-bristol",
      "name": "University of Bristol",
      "nameZh": "布里斯托大学",
      "nameJa": "ブリストル大学",
      "countryCode": "GB",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "city": "Bristol",
      "officialSite": "https://www.bristol.ac.uk",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.bristol.ac.uk/students/support/finances/tuition-fees/ug/overseas/26-27/2026-starters/",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.bristol.ac.uk/international",
      "tuitionMin": 25500,
      "tuitionMax": 49700,
      "tuitionCurrency": "GBP",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Overseas undergraduates starting in 2026/27: £25,500 (arts, law, social sciences) to £33,400 for most courses; veterinary science £41,900, medicine £45,800, dentistry £49,700.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-bristol/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-cambridge",
      "name": "University of Cambridge",
      "nameZh": "剑桥大学",
      "nameJa": "ケンブリッジ大学",
      "countryCode": "GB",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "city": "Cambridge",
      "officialSite": "https://www.cam.ac.uk",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.undergraduate.study.cam.ac.uk/",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.undergraduate.study.cam.ac.uk/files/publications/undergraduate_tuition_fees_2026-27.pdf",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.internationalstudents.cam.ac.uk/",
      "tuitionMin": 29052,
      "tuitionMax": 70554,
      "tuitionCurrency": "GBP",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "University fee for international undergraduates starting in 2026-27: £29,052 (humanities, social sciences) to £44,214 (engineering, natural sciences, computer science); medicine and veterinary medicine £70,554. A separate college fee of roughly £13,000–20,000 a year is added.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-cambridge/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-edinburgh",
      "name": "University of Edinburgh",
      "nameZh": "爱丁堡大学",
      "nameJa": "エディンバラ大学",
      "countryCode": "GB",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "city": "Edinburgh",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ed.ac.uk",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/international",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-edinburgh/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-manchester",
      "name": "University of Manchester",
      "nameZh": "曼彻斯特大学",
      "nameJa": "マンチェスター大学",
      "countryCode": "GB",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "city": "Manchester",
      "officialSite": "https://www.manchester.ac.uk",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/applying",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/masters/fees-and-funding",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/international/finance-and-scholarships",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-manchester/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-oxford",
      "name": "University of Oxford",
      "nameZh": "牛津大学",
      "nameJa": "オックスフォード大学",
      "countryCode": "GB",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "city": "Oxford",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ox.ac.uk",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate/fees-and-funding/course-fees",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/fees-and-funding/funding/scholarships",
      "tuitionMin": 39620,
      "tuitionMax": 66580,
      "tuitionCurrency": "GBP",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Overseas undergraduates entering in 2027: £39,620–66,580 a year by course (2026 entry: £37,380–62,820). Clinical medicine is considerably higher.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-oxford/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "caltech",
      "name": "California Institute of Technology",
      "nameZh": "加州理工学院",
      "nameJa": "カリフォルニア工科大学",
      "countryCode": "US",
      "country": "United States",
      "officialSite": "https://www.caltech.edu",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://bursar.caltech.edu/accounts/ugaccounts",
      "tuitionMin": 68574,
      "tuitionMax": 68574,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Caltech undergraduate tuition for 2026-27; international students pay the same.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/caltech/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "columbia-university",
      "name": "Columbia University",
      "nameZh": "哥伦比亚大学",
      "nameJa": "コロンビア大学",
      "countryCode": "US",
      "country": "United States",
      "city": "New York",
      "officialSite": "https://www.columbia.edu",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://bulletin.columbia.edu/columbia-college/fees-expenses-financial-aid/",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://cc-seas.financialaid.columbia.edu",
      "tuitionMin": 72800,
      "tuitionMax": 72800,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Columbia College undergraduate tuition for 2026-27; international students pay the same.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/columbia-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "cornell-university",
      "name": "Cornell University",
      "nameZh": "康奈尔大学",
      "nameJa": "コーネル大学",
      "countryCode": "US",
      "country": "United States",
      "officialSite": "https://www.cornell.edu",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.cornell.edu/admissions",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://bursar.cornell.edu/students-parents/tuition-rates-and-fees",
      "tuitionMin": 73946,
      "tuitionMax": 73946,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Cornell undergraduate tuition for 2026-27; international students pay the same. The rate applies to every college for students who are not New York residents.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/cornell-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "harvard-university",
      "name": "Harvard University",
      "nameZh": "哈佛大学",
      "nameJa": "ハーバード大学",
      "countryCode": "US",
      "country": "United States",
      "officialSite": "https://www.harvard.edu",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://college.harvard.edu/admissions",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://registrar.fas.harvard.edu/tuition-and-fees",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://college.harvard.edu/financial-aid",
      "tuitionMin": 62226,
      "tuitionMax": 62226,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Harvard College undergraduate tuition for 2026-27; international students pay the same.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/harvard-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mit",
      "name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
      "nameZh": "麻省理工学院",
      "nameJa": "マサチューセッツ工科大学",
      "countryCode": "US",
      "country": "United States",
      "officialSite": "https://www.mit.edu",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://mitadmissions.org/",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://registrar.mit.edu/registration-academics/tuition-fees/undergraduate",
      "internationalUrl": "https://iso.mit.edu/",
      "tuitionMin": 66720,
      "tuitionMax": 66720,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "MIT undergraduate tuition for 2026-27; international students pay the same.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/mit/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "princeton-university",
      "name": "Princeton University",
      "nameZh": "普林斯顿大学",
      "nameJa": "プリンストン大学",
      "countryCode": "US",
      "country": "United States",
      "officialSite": "https://www.princeton.edu",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://admission.princeton.edu",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://finaid.princeton.edu/how-aid-works/student-budget",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.princeton.edu/admission-aid/international-students",
      "tuitionMin": 68140,
      "tuitionMax": 68140,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Princeton undergraduate tuition for 2026-27; international students pay the same.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/princeton-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "stanford-university",
      "name": "Stanford University",
      "nameZh": "斯坦福大学",
      "nameJa": "スタンフォード大学",
      "countryCode": "US",
      "country": "United States",
      "officialSite": "https://www.stanford.edu",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://admission.stanford.edu/",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://studentservices.stanford.edu/tuition-rates/2026-2027-undergraduate-tuition-rates",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://financialaid.stanford.edu/",
      "tuitionMin": 67731,
      "tuitionMax": 67731,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Stanford undergraduate tuition for 2026-27; international students pay the same. Charged as $22,577 per quarter for three quarters.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/stanford-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "uc-berkeley",
      "name": "University of California, Berkeley",
      "nameZh": "加州大学伯克利分校",
      "nameJa": "カリフォルニア大学バークレー校",
      "countryCode": "US",
      "country": "United States",
      "officialSite": "https://www.berkeley.edu",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://admissions.berkeley.edu/",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://registrar.berkeley.edu/tuition-fees/fee-schedule/",
      "internationalUrl": "https://internationaloffice.berkeley.edu/",
      "tuitionMin": 31525,
      "tuitionMax": 31525,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "semester",
      "tuitionBasis": "New nonresident undergraduates, 2026-27, tuition and campus fees together, including $19,635 nonresident supplemental tuition per semester, which international students pay.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/uc-berkeley/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ucla",
      "name": "University of California, Los Angeles",
      "nameZh": "加州大学洛杉矶分校",
      "nameJa": "カリフォルニア大学ロサンゼルス校",
      "countryCode": "US",
      "country": "United States",
      "city": "Los Angeles",
      "officialSite": "https://www.ucla.edu",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.ucla.edu/admission",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://financialaid.ucla.edu/go/coa",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.ucla.edu/admission/international-applicants",
      "tuitionMin": 54858,
      "tuitionMax": 54858,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "New nonresident undergraduates, 2026-27: $15,588 UC tuition plus $39,270 nonresident supplemental tuition, which international students pay. Campus fees are extra.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/ucla/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-chicago",
      "name": "University of Chicago",
      "nameZh": "芝加哥大学",
      "nameJa": "シカゴ大学",
      "countryCode": "US",
      "country": "United States",
      "city": "Chicago",
      "officialSite": "https://www.uchicago.edu",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://financialaid.uchicago.edu/undergraduate/how-aid-works/undergraduate-costs/",
      "internationalUrl": "https://www.uchicago.edu/admissions/international-students",
      "tuitionMin": 75960,
      "tuitionMax": 75960,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "The College at UChicago undergraduate tuition for 2026-27; international students pay the same.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-chicago/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "university-of-pennsylvania",
      "name": "University of Pennsylvania",
      "nameZh": "宾夕法尼亚大学",
      "nameJa": "ペンシルベニア大学",
      "countryCode": "US",
      "country": "United States",
      "city": "Philadelphia",
      "officialSite": "https://www.upenn.edu",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://www.upenn.edu/admissions",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://srfs.upenn.edu/costs-budgeting/undergraduate-tuition-and-fees",
      "tuitionMin": 65670,
      "tuitionMax": 65670,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Penn undergraduate tuition for 2026-27; international students pay the same.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/university-of-pennsylvania/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "yale-university",
      "name": "Yale University",
      "nameZh": "耶鲁大学",
      "nameJa": "イェール大学",
      "countryCode": "US",
      "country": "United States",
      "officialSite": "https://www.yale.edu",
      "admissionsUrl": "https://admissions.yale.edu/",
      "tuitionUrl": "https://student-accounts.yale.edu/tuition-and-fees",
      "scholarshipsUrl": "https://finaid.yale.edu/",
      "internationalUrl": "https://oiss.yale.edu/",
      "tuitionMin": 72500,
      "tuitionMax": 72500,
      "tuitionCurrency": "USD",
      "tuitionPer": "year",
      "tuitionBasis": "Yale College undergraduate tuition for 2026-27; international students pay the same.",
      "tuitionCheckedAt": "2026-10-15",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/yale-university/"
    },
    {
      "slug": "vietnam-national-university-hanoi",
      "name": "Vietnam National University, Hanoi",
      "nameZh": "越南国家大学（河内）",
      "nameJa": "ベトナム国家大学ハノイ校",
      "countryCode": "VN",
      "country": "Vietnam",
      "city": "Hanoi",
      "officialSite": "https://vnu.edu.vn",
      "linksCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
      "profile": "https://richbay.org/education/vietnam-national-university-hanoi/"
    }
  ]
}